Fig. 1
From: Mobile RNAs—the magical elf traveling between plant and the associated organisms
Mobile RNAs transmit genetic information between plant and the associate organisms. a Fungal sRNAs can act as pathogen effectors to suppress host gene expression. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) inhibits pathogen infection and virulence gene expression through host-derived sRNAs. b Transmission of mRNAs is bi-directional between hosts and parasitic plants through haustoria. Host sRNAs can enter and regulate the gene expression of parasitic plants (HIGS). c Plant-derived sRNAs are able to be ingested by animal to regulate the biological processes. d Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) directly suppress fungal gene expression by externally spraying dsRNAs or sRNAs on plant surface. These transferred dsRNAs may be processed into sRNAs under the function of fungal or plant DCL proteins