RNA virus-encoded microRNAs: biogenesis, functions and perspectives on application

ExRNA

Table 1 RNA virus-encoded miRNAs and their proposed functions

Virus family	Virus species	miRNA (s)	Target	Predicted function	Ref
Retroviridae	HIV-1	miR-N367	Nef	Viral replication inhibition	[18]
		vmiR88, vmiR89	TLR8^a	Chronic immune activation	[22]
		miR-H3-3p	TATA box in 5′ LTR	Viral replication promotion	[23]
		TAR-derived miRNAs	TAR	Viral replication inhibition	[24, 25]
			IER3, ERCC1	Host cell apoptosis inhibition	[26]
			Aiolos, NPM/B23 Caspase 8, Ikaros	Host cell apoptosis inhibition	[27]
	BLV	miR-B4-3p	HBP1, PXDN^b	Host cell neoplasia induction	[19, 28]
	ALV-J	E (XSR) miRNA			[29]
	BFV	miR-BF1-5p, miR-BF1–3p, miR-BF2-5p			[30]
Orthomyxoviridae	IAV H5N1	miR-HA-3p	PCBP2	Cytokine production enhancement	[31]
Flaviviridae	WNV	KUN-miR-1	GATA4	Viral replication promotion	[32]
Flaviviridae	DENV-2	DENV–vsRNA-5	NS1	Viral replication inhibition	[33]
Filoviridae	EBOV	miR-VP-3p			[34]
Filoviridae	EBOV	Zebov-miR-1-5p	Importin-α5	Host immune system evasion	[35]

^aTLR8:vmiR88 and vmiR99 function by directly binding to TLR8 rather than loading into RISCs
^bPXDN was confirmed as the target of miR-B4-3p by Kincaid, but significant down-regulation was not observed in ovine tumors

ISSN: 2398-0060